[115] Its quay can handle 14-metre draught (46ft) vessels. [24], Since May 2009, homosexuals have been allowed to serve in the military after the defense minister signed a decree stating that military recruitment policy would no longer discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation. Yet after two centuries living in the shadow of its neighbors, South Americas smallest country is finally getting a little well-deserved recognition. [86][87] In November 2010, Uruguay and Argentina announced they had reached a final agreement for joint environmental monitoring of the pulp mill.[88]. [117][118] The London-based magazine Frontier chose the Carrasco International Airport, serving Montevideo, as one of the best four airports in the world in its 27th edition. [26], Uruguay was first inhabited around 13,000 years ago by hunter-gatherers. The two countries disagree on which tributary represents the legitimate source of the Quara/Cuareim River, which would define the border in the latter disputed section, according to the 1851 border treaty between the two countries. Only in some spots of the Atlantic Coast and at the summit of the highest hills of the Cuchilla Grande the climate is oceanic (Cfb). WebThe history of Uruguay comprises different periods: the pre-Columbian time or early history (up to the 16th century), the Colonial Period (15161811), the Period of Nation-Building (18111830), and the history of Uruguay as an independent country (1830). [25] But still the difference is not big enough to consider a dry or wet season, periods of drought or excessive rain can occur anytime during the year. [36], In 1845, Britain and France intervened against Rosas to restore commerce to normal levels in the region. Venezuela had a deal to sell Uruguay up to 40,000 barrels of oil a day under preferential terms. WebLead Material Analyst. [18] The country has legalized cannabis, same-sex marriage, prostitution and abortion. [39], This establishment of the policy of co-participation represented the search for a new formula of compromise, based on the coexistence of the party in power and the party in opposition.[39]. He and his wife, Annette, have six children. [21], One of the most popular interpretations of the name was proposed by the renowned Uruguayan poet Juan Zorrilla de San Martn, "the river of painted birds";[22] this interpretation, although dubious, still holds an important cultural significance in the country. The percentage further increases to 82.4% when cattle breeding is linked to other farm activities such as dairy, forage, and rotation with crops such as rice. The country also has a history and representation of advanced workers-rights protection, with unions and the eight-hour work-day protected at the beginning of the 20th century. Brazil and Uruguay have signed cooperation agreements on defence, science, technology, energy, river transportation and fishing, with the hope of accelerating political and economic integration between these two neighbouring countries. When a child remains in Uruguay for more than 365 days and is traveling with only one parent, traveling alone, or traveling with someone other than the parents, the minor child is required to have a Permiso de Menor (permission for a minor) issued by the Uruguayan National Immigration Directorate prior to departing Uruguay. There are ten national parks in Uruguay: Five in the wetland areas of the east, three in the central hill country, and one in the west along the Rio Uruguay. The country is known for its colonial-era historic districts in Colonia and Montevideo, popular beaches on the Atlantic Coast, and beef productiona former meat processing plant in Fray Bentos is a world heritage site. Uruguay is a country in South America. [132] [42] Montevideo became a major economic center of the region and an entrept for goods from Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. The conflict would last 13 years and become known as the Guerra Grande (the Great War). [25], Tango has also affected Uruguayan culture, especially during the 20th century, particularly the '30s and '40s with Uruguayan singers such as Julio Sosa from Las Piedras. Both summer and winter weather may vary from day to day with the passing of storm fronts, where a hot northerly wind may occasionally be followed by a cold wind (pampero) from the Argentine Pampas.[25]. He has been serving as a member of the Twelfth Quorum of the Seventy in the Utah Area. [41] A transition period (188690) followed, during which politicians began recovering lost ground and some civilian participation in government occurred. Colorado Party candidate Jorge Batlle, aided by the support of the National Party, defeated Broad Front candidate Tabar Vzquez. [143], Political observers consider Uruguay the most secular country in the Americas. [66] According to the Kppen Climate Classification, most of the country has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). The country has several international bus services[123] connecting the capital and frontier localities to neighboring countries. Uruguay is a unitary state: justice, education, health, security, foreign policy and defense are all administered nationwide. [32], A 2017 IADB report on labor conditions for Latin American nations, ranked Uruguay as the region's leader overall and in all but one subindexes, including gender, age, income, formality and labor participation. [12] Uruguay is the third-best country on the continent in terms of Human Development Index, GDP growth,[15] innovation, and infrastructure. [99] Some newspapers are owned by, or linked to, the main political parties. [50], A new constitution, drafted by the military, was rejected in a November 1980 referendum. It is the second-smallest country in South America (after Suriname ). Their efforts proved ineffective and, by 1849, tired of the war, both withdrew after signing a treaty favorable to Rosas. [32] Uruguay then became a zone of contention between the Spanish and Portuguese empires. The period marked the culmination of a process aimed at a neoliberal reorientation of the country's economy: deindustrialization, pressure on wages, growth of informal work, etc. In statements, the Uruguayan government indicated its firm commitment to the Middle East peace process, but refused to specify borders "to avoid interfering in an issue that would require a bilateral agreement". [53], Vzquez, who assumed the government in March 2005, created the Ministry of Social Development and sought to reduce the country's poverty rate with a $240million National Plan to Address the Social Emergency (PANES), which provided a monthly conditional cash transfer of approximately $75 to over 100,000 households in extreme poverty. Uruguay no longer imports electricity. He was elected President of the Neurological Society of India (1956), 21 vice-president of the WFN (1969-1973), and president of the World Congress of Neurology in New Delhi, 1989. [32] As of February 2010, Uruguay had 1,136 military personnel deployed to Haiti in support of MINUSTAH and 1,360 deployed in support of MONUC in the Congo. [33], In 1816, a force of 10,000 Portuguese troops invaded the Banda Oriental from Brazil; they took Montevideo in January 1817. On the map, surrounded by its large neighbors, Uruguay seems tiny, writes contemporary Uruguayan historian and novelist Eduardo Galeano. [162] MercoPress is an independent news agency focusing on news related to Mercosur and is based in Montevideo. [73] The members of government are elected for a five-year term by a universal suffrage system. [25] Notable amongst Latin American playwrights is Florencio Snchez (18751910), who wrote plays about contemporary social problems that are still performed today. [84], Construction of a controversial pulp paper mill in 2007, on the Uruguayan side of the Uruguay River, caused protests in Argentina over fears that it would pollute the environment and lead to diplomatic tensions between the two countries. [161] Freedom of speech and media are guaranteed by the constitution, with qualifications for inciting violence or "insulting the nation". The people of this country are known to be warm, welcoming, and friendly. [128][129] Most of the electricity comes from hydroelectric facilities and wind parks. Mate (drink) is the most typical beverage in Uruguay, being a portable beverage that Uruguayans take to all manner of places. Uruguay hosted the official Basketball World Cup for the 1967 FIBA World Championship and the official Americas Basketball Championship in 1988, 1997 and is a host of the 2017 FIBA AmeriCup. In November 2019 Luis Lacalle Pou won a five-year presidential term in a free and fair election. By mid-2015, the Uruguayan bands Rombai and Mrama of the emerging subgenres "cumbia cheta" and "cumbia pop[es]" enjoyed great success all over Latin America even before publishing their first albums; particularly in their home country and in Argentina, where in a given moment they had together nine songs at the Spotify Top Ten ranking. [168] In the rankings for June 2012, Uruguay were ranked the second best team in the world, according to the FIFA world rankings, their highest ever point in football history, falling short of the first spot to the Spain national football team. However, the economy did not improve and deteriorated after 1980, the GDP fell by 20% and unemployment rose to 17%. [153] In 2009, the government planned to invest 4.5% of GDP in education. WebThe Directorates mission also includes determining priority sectors and projects and helping Argentine companies expand internationally and/or attract international investment. [25] The guitar is the preferred musical instrument, and in a popular traditional contest called the payada two singers, each with a guitar, take turns improvising verses to the same tune.[25]. [25] In 2017 the average total fertility rate (TFR) across Uruguay was 1.70 children born per woman, below the replacement rate of 2.1, it remains considerably below the high of 5.76 children born per woman in 1882. [167] Uruguay performed very creditably in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, having reached the semi-final for the first time in 40 years. [124] Namely, 17 destinations in Argentina[note 3]; 12 destinations in Brazil[note 5] and the capital cities of Chile and Paraguay. Other Uruguayan famous songwriters are Jaime Roos, Eduardo Mateo, Rubn Rada, Pablo Sciuto, Daniel Viglietti, among others. Mit 176.215 Quadratkilometern Flche (davon rund 2.600 Quadratkilometer Wasserflche) ist es etwa halb so gro wie Deutschland. [11] The predominant tribe at the moment of the arrival of Europeans was the Charra people, when the Portuguese first established Colnia do Sacramento in 1680; Uruguay was colonized by Europeans late relative to neighboring countries. [35] Rivera declared war on Rosas in 1839. [42] The economy reflected a steep upswing (if demonstrated graphically, above all other related economic determinants), in livestock raising and exports. [25] Its median age is 35.3 years, is higher than the global average[32] due to its low birth rate, high life expectancy, and relatively high rate of emigration among younger people. [28], In 1831 Fructuoso Rivera, Uruguay's first president, organized the final strike of the Charrua genocide, eradicating the last remnants of the Uruguayan native population.[29]. An armed group, known as the Tupamaros emerged in the 1960s, engaging in activities such as bank robbery, kidnapping and assassination, in addition to attempting an overthrow of the government. Mission President. The members of government are elected for a five-year term by a universal suffrage system. [45] Although Baldomir declared Uruguay neutral in 1939, British warships and the German ship Admiral Graf Spee fought a battle not far off Uruguay's coast. In 166971, the Portuguese built a fort at Colonia del Sacramento (Colnia do Sacramento). The military government persecuted leftists, socialists, and political opponents, resulting in deaths and numerous instances of torture by the military; the military relinquished power to a civilian government in 1985. [24] Official statistics from Uruguay's Agriculture and Livestock Ministry indicate that meat and sheep farming in Uruguay occupies 59.6% of the land. Also notable are Juana de Ibarbourou (18951979), Delmira Agustini (18661914), Idea Vilario (19202009), and the short stories of Horacio Quiroga and Juan Jos Morosoli (18991959). Officials of both countries emphasized the need to end this rivalry in the name of regional integration in 2010. In March 2020, Uruguay got a conservative government, meaning the end of 15 years of left-wing leadership under the Broad Front coalition. Uruguay experienced a major economic and financial crisis between 1999 and 2002, principally a spillover effect from the economic problems of Argentina. Over 1,000,000 pictures Most Uruguayans of European ancestry are descendants of 19th and 20th century immigrants from Spain and Italy,[32] and to a lesser degree Germany, France and Britain. Popular Uruguayan rock bands include La Vela Puerca, No Te Va Gustar, El Cuarteto de Nos, Once Tiros, La Trampa, Chalamadre, Snake, Buitres, and Cursi. [92], In March 2020, Uruguay rejoined the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (TIAR or "Rio Pact"). National extreme temperatures at sea level are, 44C (111F) in Paysand city (20 January 1943) and Florida city (January 14, 2022),[71] and 11.0C (12.2F) in Melo city (14 June 1967). Uruguay Members 102999 Congregations 143 Missions 2 Family History Centers [32], In 1813, the new government in Buenos Aires convened a constituent assembly where Artigas emerged as a champion of federalism, demanding political and economic autonomy for each area, and for the Banda Oriental in particular. Numerous unpaved roads connect farms and small towns. [111], According to FAOSTAT, Uruguay is one of the world's largest producers of soybeans (9th), wool (12th), horse meat (14th), beeswax (14th), and quinces (17th). [66][67] Although it never gets too cold, frosts occur every year during the winter months, and precipitation such as sleet and hail occur almost every winter, but snow is very rare; it does occur every couple of years at higher elevations, but almost always without accumulation. [38], The constitutional government of General Lorenzo Batlle y Grau (186872) suppressed the Revolution of the Lances by the Blancos. [114], The Port of Montevideo, handling over 1.1million containers annually, is the most advanced container terminal in South America. Despite this agreement, Colorado rule was threatened by the failed Tricolor Revolution in 1875 and the Revolution of the Quebracho in 1886. Blending elements of art and nature the work of the landscape architect Leandro Silva Delgado[es] has also earned international prominence. [53], Uruguay ranks first in the world on a per capita basis for its contributions to the United Nations peacekeeping forces, with 2,513 soldiers and officers in 10 UN peacekeeping missions. [136] 50% of new legal residents come from Argentina and Brazil. Very little is known about the people who built them as they left no written record, but evidence has been found of agriculture and domesticated dogs. Nine straddle cranes allow for 80 to 100 movements per hour. WebEntdecke Uruguay Erstflugabdeckung Montevideo nach Buenos Aires Argentinien 1960 Boac in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! Uruguay is home to people of different ethnic origins. WebShore excursions on the first and last day of a cruise are only available for guests who are combining back-to-back voyages to create a longer cruise. Its capital and largest city is Montevideo. [73], Uruguay adopted its current constitution in 1967. [73], The legislative power is constituted by the General Assembly, composed of two chambers: the Chamber of Representatives, consisting of 99 members representing the 19 departments, elected for a five-year term based on proportional representation; and the Chamber of Senators, consisting of 31 members, 30 of whom are elected for a five-year term by proportional representation and the vice-president, who presides over the chamber. [138], Uruguay has no official religion; church and state are officially separated,[32] and religious freedom is guaranteed. [166], The Uruguay national football team has won the FIFA World Cup on two occasions. In 1811, Jos Gervasio Artigas, who became Uruguay's national hero, launched a successful revolt against the Spanish authorities, defeating them on 18 May at the Battle of Las Piedras. [137], Metropolitan Montevideo is the only large city, with around 1.9million inhabitants, or more than half the country's total population. [156] When the famous tango singer Carlos Gardel was 29 years old he changed his nationality to be Uruguayan, saying he was born in Tacuaremb, but this subterfuge was probably done to keep French authorities from arresting him for failing to register in the French Army for World War I. Gardel was born in France and was raised in Buenos Aires. The Triple Alliance declared war on the Paraguayan leader Francisco Solano Lpez[37] and the resulting Paraguayan War ended with the invasion of Paraguay and its defeat by the armies of the three countries. The only country in South America that is smaller than Uruguay is Suriname. Ryan K. Olsen Region. [25], The Reporters Without Borders worldwide press freedom index has ranked Uruguay as 19th of 180 reported countries in 2019. The siege of Montevideo, which began in February 1843, would last nine years. Those guests may organize custom tours through the Destination Services Desk on board. 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