With this summons, police may hold a suspect for no more than 48 hours. Exploiters of child labor used methods allegedly learned via the internet to increase their mistreatment of children. It appears that the -r- spelling is The governments lack of transparency over its use of state-funded advertising, however, permitted it to exert undue influence over print media. On July 13, the Ministry of Justice removed a public prosecutor and his deputy from a court in Boudouaou for their alleged involvement in the legal proceedings following the discovery of 701 kilograms of cocaine in the port of Oran on May 29. WebThe province of Blida is located in the north of Algeria. Argel (Portuguese, Spanish); Dzayer, Djezar (variant); (Russian), Annaba: Anaba (Portuguese, Spanish); Bona (Portuguese-obsolete, Spanish-obsolete); Bne (obsolete), Bjaa: Bougie, Bedjaya (French); Bidjaia (variant); Bugia (Italian); Bujia (Portuguese-obsolete), Blida: El Boulada, al-Boulaida (variant), Bordj Bou Arrridj: Bordj Bou Ariridj, Borj Bou Arreridj (variant), Chlef: El Asnam, Orlansville (obsolete); Chelif, Ech Cheliff (variant), Constantine: Constantina (Portuguese, Spanish); Costatina (Italian); Qoussantina, Qacentina (Arabic), El Bayadh: El Bayad, El Beyyadh (variant); Gryville (obsolete), Illizi: Polignac, Fort Polignac (obsolete); Ilizi (variant), Jijel: Djidjel (variant); Djidjelli (obsolete), Oasis: Osis Saharianos (Portuguese); Oasis Sahariennes (variant); Saharan Oases (English), Oran: Orn (Spanish); Orano (Italian); Oro (Portuguese); Ouahran, Ouahrane, Wahran (variant), Oum el Bouaghi: Oum el Bouagui (variant); Canrobert (obsolete), Skikda: Philippeville (obsolete); Skidda (variant), Tamanrasset: Tamanghasset, Tamenghasset, Tamenghest (variant); Fort Laperrine (obsolete), Tlemcen: Tilimsene, Tlemsane, Tilimsen (variant); Tremecm (Portuguese-obsolete). Throughout the year police dispersed unauthorized gatherings or prevented marching groups of protesters from demonstrating. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. Religious Beliefs In AlgeriaSunni Islam. Sunni Islam in Algeria constitutes the majority of the population. Judaism. Judaism in Algeria dates back to the 14th Century when Jews migrated in large numbers into Algeria after being persecuted and driven from Spain.Protestant Christianity. Shia Islam. Religious Freedom and Tolerance in Algeria. Boumerds formed from parts of Alger and Tizi Ouzou; El Bayadh split from Sada; El Oued split from Biskra; El Tarf G. & C. Merriam Co., Springfield, MA, 1957. Police arrested blogger Merzoug Touati in January 2017 on charges stemming from his online publication of an interview with a former Israeli diplomat. The Illizi Province is in eastern Algeria and a small portion of western Libya. The remote location of the camps and lack of government presence resulted in a lack of access by police and courts. Algiers has increased protectionist measures since 2015 to limit its import bill and encourage domestic production of non-oil and gas industries. ), Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km)Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km), Lullemeden-Irhazer Aquifer System, Murzuk-Djado Basin, North Western Sahara Aquifer, Taoudeni-Tanezrouft Basin, the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast as shown in this population distribution map, mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season; droughts, largest country in Africa but 80% desert; canyons and caves in the southern Hoggar Mountains and in the barren Tassili n'Ajjer area in the southeast of the country contain numerous examples of prehistoric art - rock paintings and carvings depicting human activities and wild and domestic animals (elephants, giraffes, cattle) - that date to the African Humid Period, roughly 11,000 to 5,000 years ago, when the region was completely vegetated, Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%note: although almost all Algerians are Berber in origin (not Arab), only a minority identify themselves as primarily Berber, about 15% of the total population; these people live mostly in the mountainous region of Kabylie east of Algiers and several other communities; the Berbers are also Muslim but identify with their Berber rather than Arab cultural heritage; Berbers have long agitated, sometimes violently, for autonomy; the government is unlikely to grant autonomy but has officially recognized Berber languages and introduced them into public schools. The Ministry of Labor is responsible for enforcing child labor laws and refers violators to the Ministry of Justice for prosecution. The government provided a subsidy for divorced women whose former husbands failed to make child support payments. Later marriages and a preference for smaller families are attributed to increases in women's education and participation in the labor market; higher unemployment; and a shortage of housing forcing multiple generations to live together. In addition, six private domestic television channels, 12 foreign broadcasting channels, and one foreign radio stationthe BBCoperated throughout the year. Last Updated: March 27, 2018 You are about to leave travel.state.gov for an external website that is not maintained by the U.S. Department of State. the same name, with a status nominally equal to the departments of European France. According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the government repatriated 35,113 Nigeriens (including 16,478 women and children) from December to August, pursuant to a bilateral agreement at the request of the Nigerien government. Algeria, the second-largest state in Africa, has a Mediterranean coastline of about 998 kilometers (620 mi.). Police may make arrests without a warrant if they witness the offense. Defamation laws specify that former members of the military who make statements deemed to have damaged the image of the military or to have harmed the honor and respect due to state institutions may face prosecution. Furthermore, the government restricted union activities and the formation of independent unions in certain critical public services sectors, such as oil and gas and telecommunications. The president serves as the president of the High Judicial Council, which is responsible for the appointment, transfer, promotion, and discipline of judges. )biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The law also stipulates the collection of resources from contributions by the partys members, donations, and revenue from its activities, in addition to possible state funding. Note: in the 1998 census data, the sum of the province populations is 2 less than the reported total for Algeria. The law criminalizes statements denigrating Islam or insulting the Prophet Muhammed or messengers of God. In 2016 police in Setif arrested Slimane Bouhafs, a Christian convert, for posting statements on his Facebook page questioning the morals of the Prophet Muhammed. )20.4% of GDP (2016 est. Algeria has struggled to develop non-hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth. Laws prohibiting parental abduction do not penalize mothers and fathers differently, and the punishment for convicted kidnappers includes the death penalty. During the year authorities blocked LGBTI NGOs from organizing meetings. 1870-10-24: By decree No. By law workers may strike only after 14 days of mandatory conciliation or mediation. The subdivisions were to the In May 2017 Fekhar was sentenced to five years imprisonment but in July 2017 a court in Medea reduced that sentence to two years. The ministry has not confirmed receipt of fine payment. )exports of goods and services: 23.6% (2017 est. Defendants may confront or question witnesses against them and present witnesses and evidence on their behalf. The law on cybercrime establishes procedures for using electronic data in prosecutions and outlines the responsibilities of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to cooperate with authorities. The law prohibits discrimination against persons with disabilities, although the government did not always effectively enforce these provisions. The law prohibits pretrial detention for crimes with maximum punishments of less than three years imprisonment, except for infractions that resulted in deaths or to persons considered a threat to public order. In these cases, the law limits pretrial detention to one month. Of the daily printed publications, the ministry stated six were state-operated. Several hundred international election observers from the United Nations, Arab League, African Union, and Organization of Islamic Cooperation monitored voting. The borders, except near the Mediterranean coast, Declining oil prices have also reduced the governments ability to use state-driven growth to distribute rents and fund generous public subsidies, and the government has been under pressure to reduce spending. Lawyers reported that authorities usually carried out procedures for warrants and summonses properly. ), -0.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est. Some of those arrested, reported being brutalized. On September 8, several leaders were prevented from marching in Constantine. Authorities also use summonses to notify and require the accused and the victim to attend a court proceeding or hearing. ), household consumption: 42.7% (2017 est. The law affirms the religiously based practice of allowing a man to marry as many as four wives. These groups targeted security services personnel in periodic but small-scale attacks. As time went by, the Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association, d. Freedom of Movement, Internally Displaced Persons, Protection of Refugees, and Stateless Persons, Section 3. Amnesty International alleged that authorities sometimes detained individuals on security-related charges for longer than the 12-day prescribed period. There was a census on The referendum, parliamentary elections, and local elections saw record low voter turnout. The departments were subdivided 1956-06-28: The three northern departments of 1955 were restored and given the status of igamies. The DGSNs human rights office, created in July 2017, reported that it was leading seminars and workshops with the National Human Rights Council to provide additional human rights training to its officers. )-$18.187 billion (2020 est. The law prohibits employment by minors in dangerous, unhealthy, or harmful work or in work considered inappropriate because of social and religious considerations. Also see the Department of StatesTrafficking in Persons Reportatwww.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/. The May 2017 elections for the lower chamber of parliament did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. No new trade unions were registered between January and September, and the government said it did not receive any applications. Presidential term limits, which were eliminated in 2008, were reintroduced in a 2016 revision of the constitution and limit the president to two five-year terms. The governments National AIDS Committee met twice during the year. [2] Masson, Jean-Louis. FIPS 10-4 Change Notice 12, dated 2007-06-11, showed the new provinces. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over the security forces. For the first two thirds of the 20th century, Algeria's high fertility rate caused its population to grow rapidly. Prison sentences for rape range from five to 10 years, and authorities generally enforced the law. Various international humanitarian organizations and observers criticized the operations, citing unacceptable conditions of transport, primarily on the Niger side of the border, and what they described as a lack of coordination among the Algerian Red Crescent, the government of Niger, and the Red Cross of Niger. The laws extensive requirements and uneven enforcement served as major impediments to the development of civil society. the ANP has played a large role in the countrys politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKAs election in )10.51% (2019 est. Defamation is not a crime but carries a fine ranging from 100,000 Algerian dinars (DZD) to DZD 500,000 ($850 to $4,252). Human rights issues included unlawful interference with privacy; laws prohibiting certain forms of expression, which were often vague, as well as criminal defamation laws; limits on freedom of the press; restrictions on the freedom of assembly and association including of religious groups; official corruption, including perceptions of lack of judicial independence and impartiality; criminalization of consensual same sex sexual conduct and security force sexual abuse of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) persons; and trafficking in persons. Office of the U.S. )agricultural: 6.671 billion cubic meters (2017 est. Local elections took place in November 2021. The penal code prohibits the detention of suspects in any facilities not designated for that purpose and declared to the local prosecutor, who has the right to visit such facilities at any time. LGBTI status is not, in itself, criminalized; however, LGBTI persons may face criminal prosecution under legal provisions concerning prostitution, public indecency, and associating with bad characters. The law provides for collective bargaining by all unions, and the government permitted the exercise of this right for authorized unions. Algeria, officially known as the Peoples Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign North Africa nation along the Mediterranean coast. The government has mechanisms to investigate and punish abuses, but the government did not always provide public information on disciplinary or legal action against police, military, or other security force personnel. ), 2.902 million ALGIERS (capital), 936,000 Oran (2022), at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/femaletotal population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2022 est. Ouled-Djellal arrondissement from Aumale department merged with Barika arrondissement of Stif department to become Barika Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) reported during the year that following suppression of public activities in years past, they no longer hold events outside of private locations. This information can be put together to approximate the territorial extent of subdivisions. It can be divided on the basis of language or sometimes other cultural characteristics also play a NGOs reported instances in which unaccompanied migrant female youth were exploited as domestic workers and were known to be loaned out to families for extended periods to work in homes or exploited as prostitutes. In May a court sentenced him to 10 years in prison. A tripartite social pact among business, government, and the official union established the national minimum wage of DZD 18,000 ($153) per month in 2012. II, United Nations, New Jeune Afriqueonline remained available. For example, the General Union of Algerian Workers (UGTA), which represented a majority of public-sector workers, is an affiliate of the International Trade Union Confederation. To found a union, an applicant must be Algerian by birth or have held Algerian nationality for 10 years. Authorities arrested Fekhar in 2015 and held him for 22 months without a trial. Falling under the purview of the Ministry of Justice, the agency has exclusive authority for monitoring all electronic surveillance activities, but the decree did not provide details regarding the limits of surveillance authority or corresponding protections for persons subject to surveillance. Due to this law, after the legislative elections of 2012, women held approximately 32 percent of seats (146 out of 462) in the National Peoples Congress. Postal codes: Algeria uses five-digit postal codes. The government continued to deny recognition to the General Autonomous Confederation of Workers in Algeria (CGATA), an independent trade union confederation that includes public and economic sector unions and committees. The population of the province, which has an area of 1,102 square kilometers, is 1,002,937 according to 2008 data. The government allowed undeclared workers to gain credit for social security and retirement benefits for time spent in the informal economy if they repay any taxes owed after registering. Freedom of Expression: While public debate and criticism of the government were widespread, journalists and activists believed they were limited in their ability to criticize the government publicly on topics crossing unwritten red lines. Authorities arrested and detained citizens for expressing views deemed damaging to state officials and institutions, and citizens practiced self-restraint in expressing public criticism. However, about a decade after independence from France in 1962, the total fertility rate fell dramatically from 7 children per woman in the 1970s to about 2.4 in 2000, slowing Algeria's population growth rate by the late 1980s. The law prohibits workers under age 19 from working at night. John Paxton, ed. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est. note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. From March 18 until April 8, the ministrys Labor Inspector Service conducted inspections into child labor of 9,748 businessdown from 11,575 businesses the previous year. Local media outlets reported that a team of European Union elections experts provided the government a report noting a lack of transparency in vote counting procedures, but the report was not made public. ), 112 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. Arbitrary Arrest: Although the law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, authorities sometimes used vaguely worded provisions, such as inciting an unarmed gathering and insulting a government body, to arrest and detain individuals considered to be disturbing public order or criticizing the government. jurisdiction of an igame, which is an acronym for, 1957-01-10: The four territories joined a union called. ICRC staff visited prisons, and police and gendarme stations under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Justice, and an administrative detention center operated by the Ministry of Interior. An NGO reported that LGBTI men were targeted more often than are women. provinces were predominantly formed by taking the old departments as they were, or by splitting them into two On 2014-10-29, ISO 3166-2 made the same spelling change. An annex was the area dominated by a fort, and was part of a cercle. The new Subsequent reforms to the national electoral law introduced open list voting to curb corruption. )note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports. Child Abuse: Child abuse was illegal but was a serious problem. The Tellian and Saharan Atlas Mountain ranges cross the country from east to west, dividing it into three zones. )imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. This decree requires all applications to include a full copy of the text and other detailed information. The law requires that workers obtain government approval to form a union, and the Ministry of Labor must approve or disapprove a union application within 30 days. WebDeputy Secretaries of State. wilaya). )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 7.23% (2021 est. According to the ministry, organizations receive a receipt after submitting their application for accreditation, and after the time periods listed above, this slip is legally sufficient for them to begin operating, to open a bank account, and to rent office or event space. Authorities generally transferred pretrial detainees, after presenting them before the prosecutor, to prisons rather than holding them in separate detention facilities. territories were in the north along the coast, while the military territories were in the Sahara region. The first two digits are the same as the two-digit ISO ), total: 21% (2020 est. Under provisional liberty status, authorities subjected suspects to requirements such as reporting periodically to the police station in their district, stopping professional activities related to the alleged offense committed, surrendering all travel documents, and, in some terrorism-related cases, residing at an agreed-upon address. By law, children born to a Muslim father are Muslim, regardless of the mothers religion. The law requires all civil associations to apply for operating permission, and at years end several major civil associations remained unrecognized but tolerated. There were reports that authorities held some detainees without access to their lawyers and reportedly abused them physically and mentally. The standard workweek was 40 hours, including one hour for lunch per day. The constitution grants the president authority to appoint all prosecutors and judges. ), Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar -135.064 (2021 est. )$11,600 (2019 est. The law for the protection of the child criminalizes anyone who economically exploits a child with a penalty of one to three years imprisonment and a fine of DZD 50,000 to DZD 100,000 ($425 to $850); the punishment is doubled if the offender is a family member or guardian of the child. equivalence between arrondissements and subdivisions. Thousands of Algerian peasants - mainly Berber men from the Kabylia region - faced with land dispossession and economic hardship under French rule migrated temporarily to France to work in manufacturing and mining during the first half of the 20th century. Many trade unions remained unrecognized by the government; they identified delayed processing and administrative hurdles imposed by the government as the primary obstacles to establishing legal status. The National Human Rights Committee (CNDH) said the government had dedicated $12 million to ensure the human rights of migrants during repatriation operations (to include accommodation, food, clothing, health care, medicines, and transportation). The government did not permit young men eligible for the draft who had not completed their military service to leave the country without special authorization. )industry: 39.3% (2017 est. During much Also note that diacritical marks may be different, depending on the method of transliteration used. Since 1975, Algeria also has been the main recipient of Sahrawi refugees from the ongoing conflict in Western Sahara (today part of Morocco). Independent Monitoring: The government allowed the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and local human rights observers to visit prisons and detention centers. According to UNHCR, the government did not accept UNHCR-determined refugee status for individuals. A January 2017 decree established a commission within the Ministry of Religious Affairs to review imports of the Quran. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process, Section 4. Advocacy groups reported that children with disabilities rarely attended school past the secondary level. The law does not explicitly include this provision. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women said 60 percent of the recipients of government microcredit loans for small businesses were women. The appeal must be filed within three days of the order. It changes the spelling of one province from The Committee on the Application of Standards at the International Labor Conference in June requested the government to reinstate employees that the committee determined were fired based on antiunion discrimination and to process expeditiously pending trade union registration applications. Sept. 29: The Algerian Defense Ministry said the Algerian army killed five armed Islamist militants and seized weapons, munitions and food supplies during a sweep of the forests of Tazoult in the Batna province. ), total population: 78.03 yearsmale: 76.57 yearsfemale: 79.57 years (2022 est. The Ministry authorized the import of only 350 copies ofJeune Afriquefor delivery to various institutions. Press reported 107 protestors were injured along with 51 police and gendarmes.

Marilyn Polinga Death, Villas On Rensch, Yeti Replacement Parts, Ferris Rezvani Net Worth, Cecil Presley Biography,