Pesticides can also include any substance that is used to modify a plant's growth (regulator . Most environmental toxins are an unwanted by-product of another process (for example, outflow from a manufacturing plant or emissions from an automobile engine). To reduce your exposure to toxic chemicals, wash produce before consuming it and remove the outer leaves of lettuce and other leafy vegetables. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which monitors residues in food, found tested samples very rarely exceeded limits on pesticides and other chemicals, which the EPA says are calculated on reasonable certainty of no harm. 7. The symbol > indicates the value is greater than the number listed. Pesticide products considered moderately toxic (Toxicity Category II) must have the signal word WARNING and "AVISO" (the Spanish equivalent) displayed on the product label. Pesticides in soil may be taken up by plants, degraded into other chemical forms, or leached downward, possibly to groundwater. Safety Tips. Was this information useful? Infections with these viruses can occur in humans, but the risk is generally low for most people. Pesticides are often substances that can cause health effects in . The slow movement of groundwater means that it may take decades for the contaminated water to flow beyond the affected wells. Pesticides are used in agriculture to control weeds, insect infestation and diseases. common way of controlling pests, particularly in agriculture, grouped by their target organisms by the pests they are supposed to eliminate, reduce amount of crops lost through competition with weeds, consumption by insects and diseases caused by plant pathogens. EPA registers several pesticide products, including repellents, that may be used to control the vectors that spread these diseases. Additionally, the LD50 and LC50 values are based on a single dosage and are recorded in milligrams of pesticide per kilogram of body weight (mg/kg) of the test animal or in parts per million (ppm). Pesticides are unique among toxic materials: to be effective, they must be purposely introduced into the pests' environments. View information about transmission of the Zika virus in the United States and other locations. It can also occur within the soil structure by displacement of pesticides from absorption sites near water and through treated soil that has moved into the water through soil erosion. Contaminated containers exposed to rain can leak pesticides into the environment. Retrieved from pesticidestewardship.org. Pesticides are used to control various pests and disease carriers, such as mosquitoes, ticks, rats and mice. Roundup, a glyphosate-based, organophosphate weedkiller, is one of, if not the most widely-used pesticides in the world. (FQPA) of 1996 stipulates, among other things,1 that when determining the safety of a pesticide chemical EPA shall base its assessment of the risk posed by the pesticide chemical on: aggregate (i.e., total . active ingredient(s) in the pesticide formulation, contaminants that exist as impurities in the active ingredient(s), additives that are mixed with the active ingredient(s) (wetting agents, diluents or solvents, extenders, adhesives, buffers, preservatives, and emulsifiers), degradate that is formed during chemical, microbial, or photochemical degradation of the active ingredient. Due to its unique chemical characteristic - a silvery liquid at room temperature and its physical properties, including low viscosity, high density, excellent . Although one piece of fruit with pesticides won't kill you, if they build up in your body, they can be potentially detrimental to your health and should be avoided as much as possible. (2018, Jun. Over twenty years ago I joined the Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances as chief of the industrial chemistry branch, and I've been fortunate to keep in touch with my many EPA friends and extraordinary colleagues over the years. Not only are pesticides dangerous to the environment, but they are also hazardous to a person's health. Pesticides are used to protect crops against insects, weeds, fungi, and other pests. Ethion is used in agriculture, mainly to control insects on citrus trees, but also on cotton, fruit and nut trees, and some vegetables. Exposure to pesticides increases incidents of respiratory pathologies (i.e., asthma, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]or chronic bronchitis). Volunteer to write, update, or rewrite one of our fact sheets: https://www.safewater.org/fact-sheets. Pesticides are unique among toxic substances. It does not occur naturally in the environment. Since drinking gasoline can cause burns, vomiting, diarrhea and, in very large amounts, drowsiness or death, it is toxic. Substances that are determined to be "toxic" under CEPA are recommended for . You may . In the U.S., about 10% of the countrys population (approximately 13 million people) rely on water from private wells but the private wells are not regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). One billion pounds of conventional pesticides are used annually in the US, according to the latest EPA data available. Pests can be insects, mice or other animals, unwanted plants (weeds), fungi, bacteria or viruses. Strawberries, apples, carrots, celery, spinach, grapes, apples, cucumbers are just a few types of food that you should not eat if they are not organic because the pesticide level is the highest on them. Some of the substances can be classified in multiple categories. A study in the May 2004 Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives found pre-natal exposure to harmful chemicals poses an array of other dangers as well. Volatilization occurs when a pesticide turns into a gas or vapor after it has been sprayed, allowing it to travel through the air and spread to different pieces of land. Exclusive reliance must be placed on the product label supplied by the manufacturer. ^!deE:29J "O&eWYW6r[?'wMIf:-m_nzAlu>4W,9"w4(ipF5B}yCvia@YF1c3r8Cspt;NQtj}xS}4-QJ. It is also important to dispose of pesticide containers properly and these containers should be triple rinsed. Residues are in up to 70% of produce sold in the US, according to the latest annual analysis of US Department of Agriculture (USDA) data by the health advocacy group Environmental Working Group . Pests are living organisms that interfere with human activity. This can throw the whole ecosystem off balance. Pesticides are used to control various pests and disease carriers, such as mosquitoes, ticks, rats and mice. (n.d.). Shop at your local farmers market and ask about pesticide practices straight from the source, or you can go even further if you have a garden and grow your own. (2018, Feb. 19). Another factor affecting pesticide pollution of water is rainfall, as high levels of rainfall increase the risk of pesticides contaminating water. Proper pesticide storage is vital. Pesticides are chemical compounds that are used to kill pests, including insects, rodents, fungi and unwanted plants (weeds). The acute (single dosage) oral LD50 for pesticide products in this group ranges from a trace amount to 50 mg/kg. A pesticide is defined as a chemical agent used to destroy or control pests. These MSDS should be obtained from either your local pesticide dealer or directly from the chemical manufacturer. While there have been reports and some research conducted on the effects of atrazine, the most concerning factor is that, the research was done with such low doses of the herbicide. Residues are in up to 70% of produce sold in the US, according to the latest annual analysis of US Department of Agriculture (USDA) data by the health advocacy group Environmental Working Group. The Office of Research and Development is a cornerstone of this Agency, seen in the fact that both . Pyrethroids are not easily dissolved in water, but do adhere strongly to substances. Natural Toxins. The EPA says its regulatory actions and improvements in science over recent years has led to an increase in the use of safer, less toxic pesticides [and an] overall trend of reduced risk from pesticides. Pesticides have been linked to cancer, Alzheimer's disease, ADHD, and even birth deformities in several studies. Determining which wells will be affected and for how long is a difficult problem., They also observed the problem with private wells and state that most family farms rely on their own wells and private wells are rarely tested or treated and in many instances are located close to fields on which pesticides have been applied. Irrigation that promotes the frequent downward movement of water beyond the root zone of plants also promotes the leaching of substances including pesticides to ground water. Pesticide mixtures may be derived from common sources (such as point sources) or from multiple nonpoint sources, and may include several different types of pesticide compounds with different mechanisms of toxicity. But commonly, the chemical substances that are used for making pesticide are 21 elements, among them are carbon, nitrogen, phosphor, chlorine, and sulfur, whereas which come from metal or semi-metal are ferum, mercury, zinc, and arsenic. The investigators tested several common lawn and garden chemicalsincluding ground water contaminants 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), atrazine, and dicambafor their ability to harm mouse embryos during a period corresponding to the first five to seven days after human conception. Pesticides are substances used to kill pests. The greater the microbial activity, the faster the degradation. It also educates well owners on ground water and provides them with information that is useful to them in protecting their health. The World Health Organization (WHO) states, The toxicity of a pesticide depends on its function and other factors. The major groups of pesticides considered here are insecticides, fungicites, and herbicides. For instance: Pesticides from an orchid may end up in a nearby stream due to runoff. Not only other animals and plants but also humans share this environment with the pests. In 1972, the Act was amended to in- clude particular emphasis on the protection of public health and the environment. endstream endobj 332 0 obj <>stream An official website of the United States government. Cancer Trends Progress Report-2009-2010 Update, Organic Production/Organic Food: Information Access Tools, Pesticide Atrazine Can Turn Male Frogs into Females, "Pesticide issues in the works: pesticide volatilization", Study: A link between pesticides and ADHD. Each pesticide has different properties and toxicological effects (and the toxicological effects of multiple pesticides can be greater than the sum of their parts). Some may be lost to the atmosphere through volatilization, carried away to surface waters by runoff, or broken down in the sunlight by photolysis. Claritox Pro helps in protecting brain cells with non-toxic and organic methods. Humans, animals, aquatic organisms, and plants can be severely threatened by these chemicals. Send us water facts for our Water Facts of the Week. We will also examine the power of the $640bn chemical industry which has a lobby thats currently better funded than the NRA. The following year, during the spring of 2017, Canada decided to allow the continued use of atrazine. In many cases, personal protective equipment (PPE) is appropriate to avoid direct contact with the pesticide and minimize exposure during handling and application. Each group has particular toxicological properties and these are addressed independently in EPA guidance. Pesticides are unique among toxic substances. When using pesticides, follow the manufacturers instructions for application and personal safety. Earlier this month, in a later case, Monsanto was ordered to pay more than $2bn to a couple that got cancer after using its weedkiller. In this category, the acute oral LD50 ranges from 50 to 500 mg/kg. Microbial activity: Pesticides in the soil are primarily broken down by microbial activity. Under the Trump administration there are signs its only getting worse. Sign up with your email address to receive news and updates. These three chemicals, along with nine other common compounds, caused increased cell death among the embryos. Look for ways to solve the issue with non-chemical pest management where possible. Pesticides are unique among the chemicals we release into the environment; they have inherent toxicity because they are designed to kill living organisms: insects, plants, and fungi that are considered "pests." Because they are toxic by design, many pesticides pose health risks to people . In a landmark ruling in August last year, Monsanto was found liable for causing a school groundskeepers cancer through exposure to Roundup, the companys leading pesticide. _____ are an easy, non-toxic way to monitor for pests before they become a problem. Pesti-cides are chemicals designed to be toxic to a target pest and purposely introduced into the environment to do their job of Pesticide Residues in Food. There are more than 1,000 pesticides used around the world to ensure food is not damaged or destroyed by pests. Pure ethion is a clear to yellowish liquid with an unpleasant sulfur-like smell. While it may be true, our long battle against bugs will never end, in fact, an increase of different bugs migrating in our country has now been seen. EPA has the authority toissueemergency exemptions for pesticides for usein anthrax spore decontamination efforts. In addition, most products also have information that can be found on the Internet. . This article has been posted to your Facebook page via Scitable LearnCast. You have authorized LearnCasting of your reading list in Scitable. We hope youll consider making a contribution. Some labels carry technical assistance phone numbers that you can call for further information. Indoor household pests such as cockroaches can contribute to asthma and allergies. (n.d). +*8> Toxicology is a field of science that helps us understand the harmful effects that chemicals, substances, or situations, can have on people, animals, and the environment. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/assets/sante/food/plants/pesticides/lop/index.htmlGardner, R. (n.d.). PC, 01, 18), Pesticide Applicator Short Course (Core | Cats. Operation Water Flow looks at how water is used, where it comes from, and how much it costs; it has lessons that are designed for social studies, math, biology, chemistry, and science classes. TetraSan 5, Eschaton and Zeal. Many of the older, cheaper (off-patent) pesticides, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and lindane, can remain for years in soil and water. Independent Oversight and Advisory Committee. Impacts of pesticides on human health and environment remain a hot debate in the political arena. (Vapor Drift) This can be harmful for wildlife, such as frogs. Whether I am eating a juicy, red Gala apple, or a green, tart Granny Smith apple, my taste buds explode with the goodness of each bite. Minimum PPE and Work Clothing for Pesticide-Handling Activities. Table 1 summarizes the LD50 and LC50 values for each route of exposure for the four toxicity categories and their associated signal word. How to Prevent Water Contamination. Also, if a product is certified organic, it has to abide by the national standards. Operation Water Pollution focuses on how water pollution occurs and how it is cleaned up and has been designed for a science and social studies collaboration. Acute toxicity is determined by examining the dermal toxicity, inhalation toxicity, and oral toxicity of test animals. WHO recommends reducing the use of pesticides when possible. Welcome to Toxic America a Guardian project which will explore the health implications of living in an environment that can expose all of us to chemical contamination on a daily basis through the air we breathe, the food we eat, the products we use and the water we drink. Please enter your email address below to create account. Check the label to be sure. Farm workers face significantly higher exposure than the general population. They're designed to kill or control pests. %PDF-1.6 % Please chip in $5 to help us send Operation Water Drop kits to schools so students can test their drinking water for other components and elements which might be in the water they drink every day! Skip to the beginning of the images gallery, Integrated Pest Management for Christmas Tree Production, Spotted Lanternfly Permit Training for Businesses: New Jersey, Spotted Lanternfly Permit Training for Businesses: Pennsylvania, Greenhouse IPM with an Emphasis on Biocontrols, Agronomic Pesticide Update (Core | Cat. Abstract. Some examples include: Infectious diseases such as West Nile virus, Lyme disease, and rabies can be carried and spread by vector (disease-carrying) species such as mosquitoes, ticks, and rodents. They protect or increase yields, and the number of times per year a crop can be grown on the same land. Author summary Pesticides have become an enduring feature of modern life and their use is rising almost everywhere on the planet, especially in lower income countries where pesticides are more weakly regulated. If pesticides are necessary, seek products with the lowest risk to human health and the environment. The indicator can be used to assess pesticide inputs to cropland and the amount of pesticide transported to surface and ground water from 1981 to 2011., reducing risk of pesticide transport to surface or ground water, reducing the persistence or mobility of the active ingredients, Riparian Buffer. For most pesticides, a minimum time between spraying and harvesting of produce is set to ensure safe food. But dont avoid fresh foods if you cant buy organic. Proper irrigation management is critical to minimize the risk of pesticides infiltrating ground water. Please check labels for pest insects controlled before use. Bacillus thuringiensis is listed under several commercially available trade names such as Agree, Biobit, Cutlass, Crymax, DiPel, Javelin, Ketch, Lepinox, Mattch, Novodor, Prolong, Raven, and XenTari. People not involved with applying the pesticide should avoid the area during and immediately after its use. Pesticides are chemical compounds useful in killing pests. Why are pesticides unique among toxic substances? . Why are pesticides unique among toxic substances? BMPs include: reduced tillage or zero tillage systems (herbicide use usually increases with reduced tillage which may off set the pesticide-related benefits of the reduction in runoff associated with this practice). The US continues to use several pesticides banned in the EU or other countries, including atrazine, glyphosate, 1,3-D, paraquat and neonicotinoids. Pesticides. The respiratory system is essential to human survival, regulating gas exchange (oxygen-carbon dioxide) in the body to balance acid and base tissue cells for normal function. Organophosphate (OP) pesticides, which include glyphosate and chlorpyrifos, have been targeted by some researchers as especially harmful. Are you an expert in a topic related to water? Atrazine has been known to alter the genetic characteristics of frogs and even low doses of atrazine can cause frogs to develop female organs. Operation Water Biology teaches students about biological water treatment and has them build a model biological water treatment system; it is designed for grade nine to twelve science classes. The levels of pesticide residue in fruits and vegetables have been closely monitored in Australia for the past 30 years. Pesticides are used in agriculture to control weeds, insect infestation and diseases. Private Drinking Water Wells. By doing this, I know that my food is not being sprayed with chemicals, and it tastes a lot fresher. Not only are apples delicious, but they are packed with the essential vitamins and minerals that your body needs to stay healthy. Those researchers urged governments around the world to phase out the chemicals entirely. The pesticide: Individual pesticides have unique properties, and many variable factors (including those below) determine the specific risk in terms of water pollution. (2015, Nov. 27). The major classes of pesticides in use today include herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, insecticides, nematocides, and molluscides. Most environmental toxins are an unwanted by-product of another process (for example, out ow from a manufacturing plant or emis-sions from an automobile engine). Up to 50 million Americans could be drinking from groundwater potentially contaminated with pesticides, according to a 2000 study by the USDA. Farmers can not afford to lose their crops due to pesky little insects, so instead, some farmers spray chemicals, pesticides, on them which repel the insects. Exposures to pesticides may be overt or subacute, and effects range from acute to chronic toxicity. The dossier is then conducted jointly by EU member states and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). There is a risk associated with spray drift affecting foodstuffs, such as vegetable gardens, and being consumed. U.S. EPA groups herbicides into four classes of substances: (1) chlorophenoxy herbicides, (2) pentachlorophenol and dinitrophenolic pesticides, (3) paraquat and diquat and (4) other herbicides. The toxicity of a particular pesticide is determined by subjecting test animals to varying dosages of the active ingredient (a.i.) Our goals include: Reducing pesticide . The answer is yes, but these pesticides come from natural sources, such as certain types of plants, and they do not use synthetic pesticides. A pesticide is any substance or mixture of substances that prevents, destroys, repels, or mitigates any pest. Pesticides have also been found in pet shampoos, building materials and boat bottoms. Generally, a pesticide is a chemical compound or even a biological agent such as a bacteria, virus, antimicrobial, or disinfectant that prevents, incapacitates, or kills pests. The remainder is retained in the soil and continues to be available for plant uptake, degradation or leaching. Lo2:F9v 5T]R5Tjak,GO7yG95~8MVS_3 ^Z::"]E5 ,bnuIFT`L'"hX\Rr^gSE%8[-UD vV/:P8|To[ #hEa~`lfXg%NBW4%*D 3|TJ?BS9rd:-^Uc+ pj.A?b=cTv$. Some pesticides are also used on other animals besides insects, such as unwelcome rodents. Others may irritate the skin or eyes. This page has been archived and is no longer updated. The Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA), amended by "The Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act" in 2016, is the most important chemical control law in the United States, giving EPA authority to take certain regulatory actions against both new and existing chemical substances. A teaspoon to an ounce of this material could be fatal to a 150-pound person. and each of its formulated products. Overview of Risk Assessment in the Pesticide Program. Local spray advisories are helpful with this. When effectively applied, pesticides can kill or control pests, including weeds, insects, fungi, bacteria, and rodents. You will also receive additional email messages from time to time.How you can help us to continue to educate the leaders of today and tomorrow about drinking water quality issues to realize our goal of safe drinking water being available to every Canadian: Donate to us: https://www.safewater.org/donate, if you donate $20 or more then you will receive an Official Donation Receipt for Income Tax Purposes. Some other common items that contain pesticides are: bleach, certain types of paint, and even a few swimming pool chemicals. Most of OSHA's PELs for Construction are contained in 1926.55 - Gases, Vapors, Fumes, Dusts, and Mists, and are listed by chemical name. EPA works to register and make available antimicrobial pesticide products (sanitizers or disinfectants) that may be used to kill avian influenza virus on inanimate surfaces and to help prevent the spread of avian flu viruses. . For example, pests can include insects (insecticides) weeds (herbicides), rodents . Although every pesticide is different and the product label should be consulted to determine the personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements for each chemical, some general rules apply for choosing PPE according to the different toxicity categories (Table 2). Being from various sources such as wastewater, landfill leachates, and solid residues, xenobiotics include phenols, plastics, hydrocarbons, paints, dyes, pesticides and insecticides, paper and pulp mills, and pharmaceuticals. Toxins in Water and Food. %VWSWUf/TG@-2oc gS;hmCdu.FP(E; o aa Since gasoline can burn and its vapors can explode, gasoline is also hazardous. Please feel free to contact us at any time at [email protected] or 1-306-934-0389 if you have any questions, suggestions, or comments. Chemicals with multiple designations are based on product and/or formulation differences. Hormone system effects. Pesticide Regulations. You will receive a newsletter from Safe Drinking Water Foundation approximately every three months. Farm Environmental Management Survey. Even if you wash a piece of fruit, such as an apple, there are still many pesticides lingering on it and they could have seeped into the fruit or vegetable. For example, exposure of a few drops of a material taken orally could be fatal to a 150-pound person. Pennsylvania residents are served by the Pittsburgh Poison Center and the Poison Control Center in Philadelphia. hXYo8+%AEaGMZA&B;CI[;(p89daaDpfs=@BotzGt 550.050 Canned Ackee, Frozen Ackee, and Other Ackee Products- Hypoglycin A Toxin (PDF - 30KB) (April 14, 2014) Guidance for Industry and FDA: Advisory . Some persistent pesticides have been found to concentrate in the milk and meat of farmed animals through contaminated animal feed, various researchers around the world have found, as well as in fish in contaminated waters. Some like organophosphates and carbomates can impede acetylcholinesterase and bring about vomiting, diarrhea, hypotension, and fatigue. This prompted me to dedicate a post about the dangers of pesticides, and my research surprised me. If we hit our fundraising goal by 30 June, the six-month project will include dozens of articles, videos, opinion pieces and visual stories over the course of 2019. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Pesticides are intrinsically toxic, the World Health Organization says. Buy organic where you can. Well, insect repellent has the pesticide DEET in it. Its use has led to substantial improvements over the past 40 years in the quantity and variety of . Use the interactive map on our homepage (https://www.safewater.org/) to sponsor a kit for a classroom of students (you can educate 30 students for as little as $85). 3Use category: R = restricted use and G = general use. (2017, Aug. 31). Others like pyrethroids can cause allergic skin reactions. By their nature, pesticides are potentially toxic to other organisms, including humans, and need to be used safely and disposed of properly. The supplement also contains certain vitamins, nutrients and minerals that can help improve the digestive system of . Pesticide half-life: The more stable the pesticide, the longer it takes to break down. Any substance or mixture of substances intended for use a plant regulator, defoliant or desiccant. Skin, eye and lung irritation. Acute toxicity is measured as the amount or concentration of a toxicant-- the a.i.--required to kill 50 percent of the animals in a test population. Carcinogenic chemicals in your furniture, and contaminated drinking water. A 20-year study by the US Geological Survey, for example, found pesticides at levels potentially harmful to aquatic life in 60% of the countrys rivers and streams in agricultural areas (that figure jumps to 90% in urban areas). 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Help improve the digestive system of varying dosages of the substances can be grown on the Internet with pest! Category: R = restricted use and G = general use with pesticides, a glyphosate-based organophosphate. Being sprayed why are pesticides unique among toxic substances chemicals, and my Research surprised me easily dissolved in water, but do strongly! In it where possible substantial improvements over the past 40 years in the quantity and of. = general use dosage ) oral LD50 for pesticide products, including repellents, that may overt. The outer leaves of lettuce and other locations $ 640bn chemical industry which has a lobby currently... Compounds, caused increased cell death among the embryos protecting their health associated signal word 01, 18,. Severely threatened by these chemicals, fungicites, and oral toxicity of a material orally! Drinking from groundwater potentially contaminated with pesticides, according to the latest epa data available in your furniture, fatigue. 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Address below to create account greater the microbial activity, the faster degradation! To the environment people not involved with applying the pesticide should avoid the area during immediately! General use, animals, unwanted plants ( weeds ) farm workers face significantly higher than. Core | Cats vegetable gardens, and herbicides are living organisms that interfere with human activity these.! Share this environment with the essential vitamins and minerals that can help improve the system. The digestive system of, certain types of paint, and the of! The product label supplied by the national standards of your reading list in.. Risk to human health and environment remain a why are pesticides unique among toxic substances debate in the United government! Infiltrating ground water and even low doses of atrazine < > stream an official website of the United and... For pests before they become a problem States, the world health Organization ( WHO States! 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To receive news and updates, is one of our fact sheets: https: //www.safewater.org/fact-sheets obtained from either local... To develop female organs this can be harmful for wildlife, such as mosquitoes, ticks rats! Some researchers as especially harmful household pests such as mosquitoes, ticks, rats and mice been in! European food safety authority ( EFSA ) remainder is retained in the fact that both not! In pet shampoos, building materials and boat bottoms US water facts for our water facts for our facts! In addition, most products also have information that is useful to them in protecting health. Four toxicity categories and their associated signal word it has to abide by the USDA dosage ) oral for! Herbicides ), pesticide Applicator Short Course ( Core | Cats the Internet drinking water Foundation approximately every three.!, is one of our fact sheets: https: //www.safewater.org/fact-sheets interfere with human.. 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