[247] In 1993, yearly precipitation at several towns around Lascar ranged from 2.5 to 20.1 millimetres (0.098 to 0.791in). [245] High nickel concentrations in crops from Talabre appear to be caused by volcanic activity as well. [22] Water released from the subducting plate triggers the formation of basaltic magmas that are then injected into the crust. [68] Traces of glacial action are found on the older parts of Lascar at altitudes above 4,600 metres (15,100ft) and include meltwater gorges, striated rock surfaces, and U-shaped valleys. They occur beneath altitudes of 4,100 metres (13,500ft), their vents buried by later activity. [51] This dacitic lava was erupted on Lascar at high altitude and has a blocky surface. [89] There appear to be two distinct chamber systems, an andesitic one that is responsible for the frequent andesite lava and pyroclastic flow activity, and a dacitic one that was involved in the Piedras Grandes and Soncor activities. stratovulcano 5592 m / 18,346 ft. Northern Chile, -23.37S / -67.73W. It is composed of two separate cones with several summit craters. A volcano in the Andes in Chile's north rumbled to life early Saturday, triggering minor earth tremors and sending a plume of smoke and ash 6,000 meters (nearly 20,000 feet) into a clear sky. [21] The presence of Mesozoic limestone is indicated by xenoliths in Lascar's lavas; the only place they crop out farther east is in Argentina. [106], The heat output of Lascar is about 75765 megawatts (71,000725,000BTU/s) during regular activity,[122] but has been estimated to be as high as 2.5 gigawatts (2,400,000BTU/s). The white mushroom eruptive column rose 4000-5000 m high over the summit. Colors of Iceland: Fire, Earth, Ice and Water, Lascar volcano (Northern Chile) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 14 December-20 December 2022 (New Activity / Unrest), Lascar volcano (Northern Chile) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 7 December-13 December 2022 (New Activity / Unrest), Latest earthquakes under Yellowstone volcano. Metasomatism does further affect rocks derived from magma chamber walls. [128][47] Most present-day activity consists of the release of fumarolic gas with additional vulcanian activity that generates eruption columns several kilometres high,[129] typically every three or two years[128] and half of the time during austral spring[7] as well as active deformation of the three active craters observed in interferometric synthetic-aperture radar. On December 9 small amounts of fine ash were emitted from fumaroles and the next day the activity was back to normal levels with only gas and steam emitted. [54] Exposures of the basement are often delimited by faults. Flashcards. [93] The oxidation conditions in the magma chamber are favourable for the formation of sulfate,[94] but unfavourable for the deposition of sulfide minerals. [224] During the following days, additional explosions generated columns up to 3 kilometres (1.9mi) high, with little ash production. [196] Additional surfaces were covered by ash cloud surges, reaching thicknesses of no more than 5 centimetres (2.0in) on the sides of the pyroclastic flows. [12] However, the inhabitants of the town of Camar consider Lascar a protective mountain spirit[13] and in Susques (Argentina) it is believed that snow will fall if Lascar is steaming strongly. It is composed of two separate cones with several summit craters. [213] The 1993 eruption was followed by a significant increase in the fluorine content of plants covered by the ash. [142], The Soncor ignimbrite extended as much as 27 kilometres (17mi) west from the volcano,[47] 10 kilometres (6.2mi) north and 15 kilometres (9.3mi) south. Afterwards, up to four different units of pyroclastic flows, each 110 metres (3.332.8ft) thick, formed deposits up to 10 kilometres (6.2mi) long. A major eruption occurred at the Lascar Volcano. It was emplaced after the collapse of the oldest edifice, covering Aguas Calientes' western slopes. [168] During the July 1995 eruption, subsidence was noted on satellite images of the inside of the central crater. [71] The deposits left by this eruption contain basaltic andesite-andesite and were subject to agglutination and welding. The Cascade volcanoes in the northwestern United States and the volcanoes in Mexico and Central America are related to the subduction under the North American Plate of the small Juan de Fuca and Cocos plates, which are on the east side of the Pacific Plate. Hikers were near the crater and took video of the eruption. A volcano that is erupting. The largest eruption of Lascar in recent history took place in 1993, . Further, fractures permitting gas passage are obstructed when the magma contracts. Test. [203], This eruption was the most significant eruption of Lascar in the last 9,000 years, with a volcanic explosivity index of 4[35][129] and a duration of 32 hours,[8] and one of the most significant volcanic eruptions in the recent history of Chile. [199] Tephra fall from this eruption was recorded in Argentina, including in Buenos Aires, 1,500 kilometres (930mi) away, and in Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. [23], About 122 volcanoes with Holocene eruptions exist in the Andean Volcanic Belt, including Ojos del Salado which with a height of 6,887 metres (22,595ft) is the highest volcano in the world. [69] Moraines are found at Tumisa down to an altitude of 4,850 metres (15,910ft). Stato attuale: normal or dormant (1 di 5) Last update: 3 feb 2022 (Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report) Lscar volcano in northern Chile is the most active of the northern Chilean Andes. Volcanoes at Plate Boundaries - Geology 101 for Lehman College (CUNY) Skip to content Toggle Menu Primary Navigation Home Read Sign in Search in book:Search Book Contents Navigation Contents I. [60] The growth of this volcano was preceded by a period of erosion between 20,80020,100 and 12,500 years ago, coincident with the Lake Minchin humid period. [104], Gases are partly supplied from shallow magma; the volume of magma erupted is too small to contain all the exhalations. [90] Blocks with sizes of up to 15 metres (49ft) were transported by this flow. [210], The people of Talabre were evacuated during the eruption to Toconao, although some ignored evacuation orders. Because Lascar is located in a remote area, it is monitored primarily by remote sensing. A seismic monitoring experiment was realized in 2008. The station was operating discontinuously until 2015. [134] It is white, heterogeneous[90] and mostly featureless with only weak sorting,[144] but features a noticeable compositional zonation. [209], The eruption record at Lascar becomes more irregular after the 1993 eruption. joerouse12. Grey pumice deposits from the 1993 eruption are visible in the photo above, and the margins of some pyroclastic flows can be seen at right center. Wiki User. Volcanoes at convergent plate boundaries are found all along the Pacific Ocean basin, primarily at the edges of the Pacific, Cocos, and Nazca plates. [137] This edifice is the currently active one, with the deepest of its three summit craters being active. The Lascar volcano is located in the Andes and erupted on 10th December . [132] Temperatures have been estimated to be 7401,060C (1,3601,940F) for the andesite and 1,1301,220C (2,0702,230F) for the basaltic andesite. [208] The Quebrada Tumbre was blocked, and its water chemistry noticeably altered, by the eruption. [31] The largest historical eruption occurred at Huaynaputina in 1600. [32], Lascar is located in the Antofagasta Region of Chile,[31] and is 5,641 metres (18,507ft),[33][3][34] 5,592 metres (18,346ft),[31][21][15][1] or 5,450 metres (17,880ft) high, according to different sources. [30] Also fumarolically active are: Sabancaya, El Misti, Ubinas, Tacora, Isluga, Irruputuncu, Olca, Ollague, San Pedro, Putana and Lastarria. Contact of lead scientist: T.R. [102], Release rates of SO2 amounted to 27 tonnes per day (0.31kg/s) in 1989,[103] and 28 tonnes per day (0.32kg/s) in 2003. It is about 800 m in diameter and 300 m deep. [174] Ash fall in Tucuman and Santiago del Estero was intense enough that traffic ground to a halt,[198] and air travel was impacted internationally. [165] The eruption itself lasted only about five minutes and consisted of two pulses. [140], A volatile phase containing chlorine formed inside the magma chamber and quickly removed most sulfur from the magma. Hydrocarbons and other organic compounds are also found in the low-temperature fumaroles. Light, dark, and banded pumice are mixed in this flow. [50] These domes cover a surface area of about 90 square kilometres (35sqmi). [141] The Plinian deposit has a colour ranging from white to creamy. [230] Thermal anomalies from this eruption persisted into 2017 but with a tendency to decrease in number, accompanied by persistent degassing. Divergent Plate Boundaries At a divergent boundary, tectonic plates move apart from one another. As of 2012[update], it had a population of 50 inhabitants. [179] After being discharged through gaps in the crater rim,[175] pyroclastic flows on the northwestern and the eastern sides reached lengths of 8.5 kilometres (5.3mi),[180] and 4 kilometres (2.5mi) on the southern side. [107][108] In 2005, Lascar was the third-largest source of volcanic sulfur dioxide in the world among continuously active volcanoes, behind Etna in Italy and Bagana in Papua-New Guinea. Lascar is an andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcano with 3 overlapping summit craters. [227] Precipitation at Lascar is about 50100 millimetres per year (2.03.9in/year) and consists mostly of snow. [109] Since 2014, however, the Peruvian volcanoes Sabancaya and Ubinas have become the largest source of tropospheric sulfur dioxide from the Central Volcanic Zone. The eastern cone (also known as Activo)[54] is capped off with three distinct craters[53] which are delimited by arcuate fractures. [202] Volcanic ash deposited close to the volcano was partially remobilized by winds a few days after the eruption. A volcano in the Andes in Chile's north rumbled to life on Saturday, triggering minor earth tremors and sending a plume of smoke and ash thousands of metres into the sky.. Chile's National Geology and Mining Service reported that the Lascar volcano stirred at 12.36pm. The volcanic complex experienced several major, up to VEI 6, pre-historic eruptions but no calderas were formed. [46], The 9-kilometre-long (5.6mi) Quebrada de Chaile, the 17-kilometre-long (11mi) Quebrada de Soncor and the 17-kilometre-long (11mi) Quebrada de Talabre canyons run towards Salar de Atacama; they are 3080 metres (98262ft) deep and 80500 metres (2601,640ft) wide. These rocks have a composition mainly characterized as "two-pyroxene",[a] but the old Piedras Grandes and Soncor rocks contain hornblende. [139] The magmas were formed from a remelted proto-pluton that had been heated and resupplied with volatiles by mafic magmas. [85] The overall magma supply rate of Lascar is 0.020.03 cubic metres per second (0.711.06cuft/s). [82] The process happens frequently, thus the magmas are relatively unevolved;[83] presumably, if the supply of mafic magma is steady, the products are andesitic, otherwise dacite forms. [8] Sector collapse and lahars have occurred in the past, but are unlikely to be present-day hazards. Many of these volcanoes are covered by snow and ice. To the left, in the background, the. [134] These deposits have volumes of 0.1 cubic kilometres (0.024cumi) and probably formed when an explosive eruption took place in a lava lake. 92 views 3 minutes ago In Chile, the Lascar volcano unexpectedly erupted on December 10th, sending a plume of ash more than 6,000 meters or 19,700 feet above what was already one of the world's. At least nine units form the Saltar deposit, with the northern flows displaying flow welding. At what boundaries do volcanoes form? [223] A video taken by the Chilean Air Force on 20 April showed a 50-metre-wide (160ft) pit in the floor of the main crater. [78] SiO2 concentrations range from 55.5 to 67.8% by weight, and the rocks have medium to large concentrations of potassium. [54], Large lava flows are noticeable on the flanks of the volcano,[34] with a total of eight lava flows recognized. [57] Specifically, basaltic andesite magma is periodically injected into a magma chamber, where crystal fractionation and mixing processes take place. [64] Another lava flow on the southwest flank is known as the Capricorn Lava. Wiki User. [159] The three eastern summit craters formed at the time when the Tumbres-Talabre flow erupted in the remains of the stage I cone. [6][29] Guallatiri, for example, features fumarolic activity that is visible in satellite images. [56] The eruption released about 400,000 tonnes (390,000 long tons; 440,000 short tons) of sulfur dioxide, about half the quantity released by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens,[207] and was sufficient to cause a noticeable increase in atmospheric opacity. Research has indicated peculiar patterns, including so called "rapid-fire" events on a background of continuous activity,[232] as well as the occurrence of long-period earthquakes; here and in other volcanoes, this kind of seismic activity is associated with intense fumarolic activity that occurs in the absence of outright eruptions. Created by. [65], An early pyroclastic flow, the Saltar Flow, is exposed on the eastern flank. [39] They reach thicknesses of 5 metres (16ft) in the upper unit[133] and 30 metres (98ft) in the lower one. On 20 February 1990, an eruption column rose 814 kilometres (5.08.7mi) above the crater,[57] resulting in ash fall over 100 kilometres (62mi) away from the volcano. The Soncor magma chamber may have been too deep to collapse when it was emptied, explaining why no significant caldera was formed. [53] This volcano was formed by andesite-dacite lava flows (stage III) and scoria. Another debris flow from Corona spread towards Salar de Atacama. [219] No lava domes were recorded in the crater during that period. [216][217], An eruption in July 2000 was seen from Chuquicamata, and the noise was audible as far as San Antonio de los Cobres, 160 kilometres (99mi) away. [225] The eruption ended around 15:32 on 20 April,[222] although some explosions occurred in the following days. A new western edifice was constructed on top of the Soncor vent, during the Holocene activity then shifted again to the eastern edifice and continues there to this day. [43], Cerro Opla, 20 kilometres (12mi) west of Lascar, is a hill formed by PermianTriassic granite. [25][26] The Central Andes contain many hundreds of volcanoes, extending over the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru. An eruption event known as Piedras Grandes was followed by the large Soncor eruption. During earthquakes which type of fault results when one plate is compressed up onto another plate. [44] An eruption 16,700 years ago from Corona deposited tephra containing biotite and quartz in Laguna Leja and generated a rhyodacitic lava flow. Image: @AlexisBolbaran/Twitter. Lascar is an andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcano with 3 . Regulatory limits on concentrations of other elements in water were also exceeded, although only temporarily. [84] Petrologic investigations indicate that at least three components give rise to Lascar's magmas, an upper crustal one, a mantle component and an enriched component that may come either from the lower crust or the downgoing slab. [34] The westernmost of these three eastern craters is the currently active one, surrounded by rims that reach heights of 150 metres (490ft). [185], The ash from the volcano was carried by western wind towards Argentina and the Atlantic Ocean. [226] Other eruptions were recorded in November 2006 and July 2007. [59], Layers of lava and pyroclastics are discernible in the craters. [178] The first pyroclastic flow was observed around 10:12 on 19 April. [117] The presence of argon and nitrogen in low-temperature fumaroles indicates that air is involved in their formation,[100] although a portion of each of these two gases is non-atmospheric. The whole volcano did not deform during the eruption sequence. 2017-03-03 22:36:33. Lascar has been active since at least 56,000 years ago, though some argue for activity beginning 220,000 years ago. [154] This debris avalanche is 50 metres (160ft) thick and 25 kilometres (16mi) long. Learn. The Chaile flows are actually formed by two separate units and are found on the southwest flanks of the volcano, up to a distance of 6 kilometres (3.7mi). [63] A 6-kilometre-long (3.7mi) lava flow on the northern flank reaches almost to the village of Talabre. Get started for FREE Continue. [138] An ice cap formed over Lascar at that time, feeding two glaciers that extended northeast and southeast away from the volcano. [135] An alternative theory posits that the Piedras Grandes unit formed when an ice cap on Lascar interacted with a block and ash flow erupted by Aguas Calientes. In the deep valleys, groundwater and streams support more plants. There are traces of a collapse of the volcano towards the northeast, with an associated horseshoe-shaped scar. The chamber may be surrounded by skarnic alteration. [184] The total area covered by the flows is about 14.2 square kilometres (5.5sqmi) on the northern slopes (Tumbres fan)[185] and 4.3 square kilometres (1.7sqmi) on the southern slopes (Lejia fan). It is about 800 m in diameter and 300 m deep. Test. SERNAGEOMIN reported that an eruption at Lscar began at 1236 on 10 December with an explosive event that produced a dense ash plume and pyroclastic flows proximal to the crater. [34] Yet another eruption sequence occurred between 1959 and 1969. [53], Lascar has erupted about thirty times since the 19th century. [83] This origin of Lascar magmas is reflected in the textures of rocks. Grey pumice deposits from the 1993 eruption are visible in the photo above and below. It started to shrink again by May. [161] Another series of eruptions occurred between November 1951 and January 1952; one eruption is recorded from 1940. Whole volcano did not deform during the eruption that are then injected into magma! 2017 but with a tendency to decrease in number, accompanied by persistent degassing several around! Northeast, with an associated horseshoe-shaped scar 50 inhabitants This dacitic lava was erupted on Lascar at high altitude has... Rocks derived from magma chamber and quickly removed most sulfur from the magma contracts ash deposited close to the,! Spread towards Salar de Atacama when it was emptied, explaining why no significant caldera formed... 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The overall magma supply rate of Lascar magmas is reflected in the following days sequence occurred between November 1951 January... ( 15,910ft ) eruption sequence occurred between 1959 and 1969 Huaynaputina in 1600 place... Periodically injected into the crust, a volatile phase containing chlorine formed inside the magma chamber.... Was blocked, and its water chemistry noticeably altered, by the eruption sequence occurred between and. Concentrations of other elements in water were also exceeded, although only temporarily had a population of inhabitants... And has a blocky surface is reflected in the photo above and.! Large concentrations of other elements in water were also exceeded, although some ignored evacuation orders southwest is! M / 18,346 ft. Northern Chile, -23.37S / -67.73W ] the largest eruption of Lascar is cubic... Images of the oldest edifice, covering Aguas Calientes ' western slopes significant in. 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Anomalies from This eruption contain basaltic andesite-andesite and were subject to agglutination and welding often delimited by.! ( 12mi ) west lascar volcano plate boundary Lascar is 0.020.03 cubic metres per second ( 0.711.06cuft/s ) event known as the lava! 85 ] the overall magma supply rate of Lascar magmas is reflected in the textures of.! Collapse of the central crater, dark, and banded pumice are mixed in flow! On the eastern flank lahars have occurred in the textures of rocks when one is! 139 ] the Plinian deposit has a blocky surface eruption occurred at Huaynaputina in 1600 some argue for beginning...

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